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    • 专利摘要:
    TREATING MEDIA FOR TREATING STAINLESS STEEL OR OTHER METAL SURFACES, METHOD FOR TREATING STAINLESS STEEL OR OTHER METAL SURFACES USING SUCH TREATMENT MEDIUM AND NOZZLE EQUIPPED TO BE TREATING A STAINLESS STEEL TREATING MEDIUM steel or other metal surfaces, said treatment medium consisting of a suspension comprising a liquid and a mixture of at least two different types of products, consisting of chemically inert, abrasive particles.
    公开号:BE1021089B1
    申请号:E2014/0054
    申请日:2014-01-30
    公开日:2015-05-12
    发明作者:Philippe Remi Aloys Bourdeaud'hui
    申请人:Phibo Industries Bvba；
    IPC主号:
    专利说明:

    TREATMENT MEDIUM FOR TREATMENT OF STAINLESS STEEL OR OTHER METAL SURFACES. METHOD OF TREATING STAINLESS STEEL OR OTHER METAL SURFACES USING SUCH TREATMENT MEDIA AND NOZZLE FURNISHED TO BE FITTED ON A TREATMENT GUN
    Field of the Invention The present invention generally relates to a treatment medium for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces such as aluminum, copper, bronze, metal alloys, etc., wherein said treatment medium is adapted to be compressed by compressed air from a nozzle of a treatment gun.
    The present invention also relates to a method for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces by means of a treatment medium that is ejected from a nozzle of a treatment gun by means of compressed air. By treatment is meant that the surface is at least cleaned and conditioned, the latter means that the topography of the surface is changed to a certain required condition.
    [03] American standardization is generally used in the industry for identifying and naming the various types of stainless steel (also called stainless steel or stainless steel) (American Iron and Steel Institute). Different types of stainless steel can be used depending on the application. The American 3-A Sanctuary standard imposes AISI 316 on all stainless steel surfaces that come into contact with food. Certain parts of an installation, such as the pipework, are an exception to this and AISI 304 can also be used for this. AISI 304 comprises 18% chromium and 8% nickel. This alloy is non-magnetic and non-curable in the annealed state and weakly magnetic in the cold-formed state. This stainless steel is less sensitive to chromium separation during welding. A more corrosion-resistant but more expensive type of stainless steel is AISI 316 with 16% chromium and 10% nickel and 2% molybdenum. AISI 316 is more resistant to salt corrosion and is often used in the chemical industry. AISI316L has a low carbon content to obtain easily weldable stainless steel and to reduce the corrosion sensitivity after welding. Another way to improve the weldability of steel is to add titanium to the alloy to arrive at the AISI 316Ti type. This solution is almost the same from a technical point of view. Only when considering architectural applications, a typical grinding pattern of stainless steel with titanium should be taken into account.
    [04] The hardness of the stainless steel is usually in the range of 150 to 400 HB (Brinell hardness) or 1 to 43 HRc (Rockwell Hardness).
    [05] The magnetic properties of stainless steel are determined by the crystal structure, that is, by the composition of the stainless steel type. Stainless steel types with a nickel content between 6 and 26% per unit mass (the 300 series of the AISI) are austenitic and therefore non-magnetic. These are excellent in formability (folds, deep-drawing, straightening) and also shock-resistant in the entire temperature range from very cold to very hot temperatures. Nickel ensures that steel remains in its austenitic state during cooling. The remaining elements increase the corrosion resistance and the treatability of the steel. However, when the stainless steel is deeply deformed, the crystal structure changes so that magnetic properties appear with austenitic stainless steel. Martensitic and ferritic stainless steels and duplex stainless steel, on the other hand, are magnetic. Austenitic stainless steel such as AISI 304 and AISI 304H and AISI 316 is the most commonly used type of stainless steel. In Europe, austenitic stainless steel types of the AISI 304 type are frequently used in the food industry because they have good corrosion resistance. Austenitic stainless steel containing other elements such as molybdenum (AISI 316) to improve its anti-corrosion properties is frequently used in the dairy industry.
    [06] Ferritic stainless steel is used in environments that are not very aggressive and where the appearance is less important. Ferritic stainless steel contains no nickel and is therefore cheaper. Duplex stainless steel is a seaworthy steel with a mixed austenitic and ferritic structure and a high tensile strength. These alloys are usually cold formed. Thanks to the strong properties, a thinner, more elegant, but also stronger design is possible. Martensitic stainless steel is characterized by a high hardness, making this type of material very suitable for the production of knives. These steel types contain a little or no nickel, which means that the material can be used as surgical steel.
    [07] Stainless steel has the advantage that it has a high corrosion resistance. This corrosion resistance of stainless steel is created by a "passive" chromium-rich oxide layer (dichroic trioxide Cr 2 O 3) which is naturally formed on the surface of the stainless steel at normal ambient temperatures. This is the natural appearance and is described as the passive state. Stainless steel will also passivate automatically when a clean surface is exposed to an environment that can provide enough oxygen to form the chromium-rich surface layer. This takes place automatically and progressively as long as sufficient oxygen is present on the surface of the steel. The thickness of this passivation layer increases even after the initial formation. Natural phenomena, such as contact with air and air-rich water, form and maintain the corrosion-resistant, passive state. Consequently, stainless steel can retain its corrosion resistance even when mechanical damage such as scratches or flaking occurs. Consequently, an inherently self-healing mechanism is present.
    [08] This stainless steel self-healing mechanism is mainly determined by the amount of chromium present in the stainless steel. Unlike carbon steel or low-alloy steel, stainless steel is a steel alloy that contains at least 10.5% chromium content per unit mass. The corrosion resistance of this steel can be increased by adding other alloying elements such as nickel, molybdenum, nitrogen and titanium (or niobium). This leads to a series of steels with corrosion-resistant properties for a large number of conditions of use, as well as better properties in terms of moldability, strength and resistance to heat (fire). Stainless steel cannot be considered corrosion resistant in all circumstances since, depending on the steel type, circumstances may arise in which the passive state is broken and cannot be restored. This makes the surface "active" so that corrosion can occur. The stainless steel surface can become active in limited, low-oxygen zones such as mechanical connections, sharp corners or poorly finished welds.
    [09] Compared with other materials, the use of stainless steel as a building material has a number of important advantages: high mechanical strength, relatively good workability, good cleanability, high corrosion resistance and an inert surface. The good cleanability of stainless steel is closely related to the surface condition, and this in turn is influenced by surface treatment.
    The invention further relates to a nozzle adapted to be mounted on a treatment gun, said nozzle being adapted to eject a treatment medium onto a stainless steel or other metal surface by means of compressed air. Said nozzle further comprises a distal end portion with a nozzle output and a distal end, said nozzle output being at said distal end.
    Background of the invention [11] The manufacture and maintenance of parts and structures in stainless steel, but also in other metals such as aluminum, copper, bronze, metal alloys, etc. implies the cleaning and finishing of the (final) fabrication.
    [12] Hygiene is a constant concern for the food industry as they have to put high quality products on the market in order to comply with legislation (hygiene regulations EN 1672-2 and EN ISO 14159) and customer expectations. Therefore, the hygienic condition of the surface is a critical parameter with regard to the performance of the production process and the final quality of the product. For this reason, cleaning and disinfection are critical to guarantee the microbiological safety of the product and to avoid higher production costs. However, the efficiency of the cleaning process will not only depend on the optimization of the process itself and the design of the equipment, but also on the properties of the contaminated surface, i.e. mainly the roughness, chemical composition of the surface and the surface energy. Since interactions between the dirt and the surface of the stainless steel fabric are responsible for the deposition and adhesion of the dirt on the surface, changes to the surface of the stainless steel fabric will affect the degree of adhesion or detachment. In the case of stainless steel, an ubiquitous material in the food and pharmaceutical industries, the roughness and topography of the surface are believed to play an important role in the hygienic properties and therefore affect cleanability.
    [13] Among the various parameters that characterize a surface, corrosion resistance, in addition to cleanability, is another surface characteristic that depends on the roughness of the surface and that must be considered. Rougher stainless steel or other metal surfaces are more prone to corrosion, which can lead to the appearance of dimples and cracks, giving micro-organisms more opportunities to attach and deteriorating the cleanability of the surface. Therefore, corrosion resistance is another good reason to justify the need for equipment with smooth surfaces, as they will help to reduce additional costs due to possible damage to the installation.
    [14] For optimum corrosion resistance, stainless steel and other metal surfaces must also be clean and free from organic contamination (grease, oil, paint). Stainless steel surfaces must also be free of metal contamination such as iron contamination.
    [15] Known treatment techniques for stainless steel surfaces are: - high pressure cleaning; - grinding; - pickling and passivating; and - (electrolytic) polishing.
    [16] However, these techniques have disadvantages: - high pressure cleaning: has only a temporary effect and little influence on the conditioning of the surface; - grinding: the surface becomes very rough and the risk of dirt deposits, stress corrosion and fractures is increased; - pickling and passivating: has many practical drawbacks, can only be used to treat a limited number of types of stainless steel and, moreover, is not always an environmentally sound option; and - (electrolytic) polishing: is a very complex and expensive process.
    [17] Shot peening is a recent technique for inducing residual compressive stresses on the surface of metal parts to increase fatigue strength and crack corrosion resistance. Shot peening is a cold process in which small, spherical elements, called shots (also known as pearls or balls), bomb the surface of a fabric. During shot peening, every shot that hits the material serves as a small hammer that makes a small dent or hole in the surface. To make the dimple, the surface of the material must stretch under tension. Beneath the surface the material tries to restore its original shape, thereby producing the dimple, producing a hemisphere of cold-worked material that is very stressed by compression. According to the Aerospace Material Specifications AMS-13165 (now updated to AMS 2340), automatic shot teen requires a specific impact intensity and coverage with a saturation point as can be seen in Table 1 below.
    Table 1 [0] EP 0 638 416, for example, describes a process for shot peening. In the shotpening process as described in this European patent application, a mixture of at least two dimensions of shots is used to obtain a embossed press plate with the desired gloss characteristics. The press plate is hit by a mixture of shots with at least two different sizes to achieve relief and control over the gloss at the same time.
    [19] EP 1 184 135 describes a one-step shotpen process, wherein a product is pelted by shots in which two or three kinds of particles are combined in a predetermined weight ratio, the two or three kinds of particles each having an average have particle diameter in the range of the predetermined average particle diameters, the ranges being different from each other, and wherein the particle diameters have a predetermined average mutual ratio. In a first embodiment of this method, the shots consist of large diameter particles with an average particle diameter of 300 - 1,000 μιτι and small diameter particles with an average particle diameter of 20 - 300 µm, the ratio of the average particle diameter of said small diameter particles to those of said large diameter particles is 1/3 - 1/15, wherein the particles are combined in a weight ratio such that the coverage of each of the particles is 100% or more in the same projection time. In a second embodiment of this method, the shots consist of large diameter particles with an average particle diameter of 500 - 1,000 µm, particles with a medium diameter with an average particle diameter of 100 - 500 μιτι and small diameter particles with an average diameter particle diameter of 20-100 µm, wherein the ratio of the average particle diameter of said medium diameter particles to those of said large diameter particles and the ratio of the average particle diameter of said small diameter particles to those of said particles having a large diameter a medium diameter is 1/2 - 1/15 each, wherein the particles are combined in a ratio such that the coverage of each of the particles is 100% or more in the same projection time.
    [20] EP 0 962 539 describes a one-step method in which a mixture of at least two types of shots consisting of different or the same materials consisting of a metal or metal component with high hardness and with different shot diameters between 0.6 and 0 03 mm is ejected on the surface of a metal product with an ejection pressure of not less than 0.29 MPa or not less than 50 m / sec, the residual compressive stresses of the surface of the metal product and those of a lower surface layer are at least at least -1200 MPa and that of a part with a depth of about 50 mg below the surface of the metal product is at least -1300 MPa.
    [21] EP 2 353 782 describes a process for treating a surface of a component to improve its surface finish and to induce residual compressive stresses in an area of the component that is near the surface. The process includes performing a first shot-carving operation to form layers with residual compressive stresses in the area near the surface of the component, and then performing at least a second shot-carving operation to smooth the surface of the component while maintaining compressive stresses in the component. area near the surface of the component. The first shot-carving operation includes wet-beaded jets with glass beads at a first intensity with a first type of glass beads, and the second shot-carving operation includes wet-beaded jets with glass beads at a second intensity with a second kind of glass beads, the second intensity being lower than the first intensity.
    [22] The prior art shotpening process has the following major disadvantages: - due to the tension that exists, there is a great risk of distortion of the treated product; - the process parameters are very sensitive, which means that they must be permanently monitored during the shotpening process, which is very labor-intensive, so that only highly trained personnel can carry out such a process and that it can only be applied to solid and sturdy products that are moreover generally limited in their dimensions; - the shotpene process is generally a dry process, as a result of which a polished effect cannot be obtained from the treated surface and there is usually a nasty development of dust; - because the effect of shot carrots is determined by the kinetic energy Ec = M x V2 / 2, where M is the mass of the shots and V is the speed of the projection (where in the case of shooting with compressed air V2 is a function of the air pressure), only large-sized shots with a minimum average particle size between 100 and 3000 µm are used so that it is not possible to obtain the appropriate Ra of less than 0.6 µm (see more detailed information about Ra below); and - static electricity is generated.
    [23] EP 2 353 782 also describes a more complicated process comprising two shot-carving steps.
    [24] There is, therefore, a need for a simple method for treating stainless steel and other metal surfaces of fabrications of every possible size and every possible (complex) shape, as well as a treatment medium for use in such a method.
    [25] In addition, there is a need to provide such a method and treatment medium in which a specific surface topography is obtained, i.e.: a pure surface, i.e. with as few contaminations as possible; - a smooth, polished surface with as few irregularities as possible; - an isotropic or uniform surface that has the same surface topography and roughness values when measured along axes in all directions; - a surface that is easy to clean.
    [26] For the food and pharmaceutical industries, it is an objective to obtain such a method and treatment medium resulting in a hygienic surface that is less susceptible to adhesion of bacteria and dirt.
    [27] In addition, it is a requirement to obtain such a method and a treatment medium - minimizing product deformation as much as possible, - excluding the need for chemical pre-treatment or after-treatment, and - essentially eliminating dust formed.
    [28] The conventional nozzles used on treatment guns and adapted to eject a treatment medium generally have a straight outer surface.
    [29] The disadvantage of these conventional nozzles is that the particle distribution in the flow (flow) ejected from the nozzle is not optimal and not consistent and thus reduces the efficiency and productivity of the surface treatment. In addition, conventional nozzles make noise at the outlet because air turbulence arises at the outlet of the nozzle.
    [30] There is therefore a need to provide a nozzle adapted to be mounted on a treatment gun and adapted to eject a treatment medium onto a stainless steel or other metal surface, said nozzle being adapted to achieve better distribution. realizing the particles of the treatment medium in the stream resulting in better efficiency and more optimal use of the energy of the stream ejected from the nozzle. It is a further object of the invention to provide such a nozzle wherein the noise at the nozzle outlet is reduced.
    Summary of the invention [31] According to a first aspect of the invention, a treatment medium is provided for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces, said treatment medium being adapted to be ejected from a nozzle of a treatment gun by means of compressed air, said treatment medium consists of a suspension comprising a liquid and a mixture of at least two different types of products consisting of chemically inert, abrasive particles, said particles comprise at least particles that have an irregular shape, said particles being dispersible in said liquid, said particles of irregular shape consist of alumina particles obtained by a melting process, said alumina particles obtained by a melting process are essentially iron-free.
    [32] In physical chemistry, a suspension is a mixture of two substances of which one substance is mixed in very small quantities with another substance and where the mixture does not separate quickly. It is usually a solid that is suspended in a liquid.
    [33] Chemically inert particles are particles that do not react chemically with other products and that do not dissolve in a liquid.
    [34] A particle with an irregular shape means any shape of a particle that is not spherical, the said particle having more specifically round or sharp corners.
    [35] More preferably, said alumina particles obtained by a melting process have an Al 2 O 3 content of 95% - 99.80% by weight. The treatment of stainless steel requires the use of very pure iron-free Al203 particles.
    [36] In a more preferred embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said particles also include spherical particles, said particles being dispersible in said liquid.
    [37] In an advantageous embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said particles have an average particle size between 0.9 µm and 110 µm.
    [38] In a favorable embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said suspension is a balanced suspension. A balanced suspension is a suspension with particles of a similar average size. This is important for the filtration step of the suspension performed with the treatment equipment and for separating the particles and the liquid. In the treatment of stainless steel, the use of a balanced suspension is also important to achieve the desired surface topography.
    [39] In a favorable embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, the weight ratio in the mixture of said spherical particles to said irregularly shaped particles is preferably 60% - 96% / 4% - 40%, more preferably 70 % - 96% / 4% - 30%, and preferably 80% / 20%.
    [40] By changing the ratio of the types of abrasive particles to the required total concentration of the suspension, the visual aesthetic finish can be changed.
    [41] In an advantageous embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said spherical particles consist of glass beads.
    [42] More preferably, said glass beads have an SiO 2 content of 50% - 80% by weight. In a favorable embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said glass beads have a relative hardness of 4 Mohs - 6 Mohs, preferably 5 Mohs and said aluminum oxide particles obtained by a melting process have a relative hardness of 8 Mohs - 10 Mohs, preferably 9 Mohs. The Mohs scale of mineral hardness describes the scratch resistance of various minerals based on the ability of a harder material to scratch in a softer material.
    [43] Due to the relative hardness of said alumina particles obtained by a melting process, thermal oxidation such as the oxidation of a weld seam can be efficiently removed.
    [44] In a preferred embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said suspension has a concentration in use of 10% to 70% particles in liquid, more preferably 10% to 40% and most preferably 15% to 25%.
    [45] In an advantageous embodiment of a treatment medium according to the invention, said mixture of particles has a balanced bulk density (also called balanced bulk density) of 1 kg / dm 3 - 2 kg / dm 3 and more preferably of about 1.7 kg / dm3.
    [46] In order to further expand the possibilities of the method and the treatment medium according to the invention, to improve degreasing or to be able to disinfect the surface during the same treatment, or to prevent oxidation, the treatment medium according to the invention can be a soluble chemical additive. Preferably, said soluble chemical additive has a concentration of about 1% by volume to 15% by volume in the total liquid of the suspension. Use of a soluble chemical additive is advantageous, for example, when old surfaces are reconditioned.
    [47] According to a second aspect of the invention there is provided a method for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces by means of a treatment medium that is ejected from a nozzle of a treatment gun by means of compressed air, said method comprising a method is one step and said surfaces are treated with a treatment medium according to the invention as described above.
    [48] This method according to the invention applies primarily to any fabric size and surface type, even to complex surfaces and surfaces with irregular shape, cavities and hollow tube structures. There is no deformation of the fabric or damage to the surface and the limitations regarding the dimensions of the treated fabric are retained. The user does not need any special skills. Moreover, no static electricity is built up.
    [49] Because the method is a wet method using a suspension, a polished effect is obtained from the surface. The liquid in the suspension further forms a liquid buffer which ensures that there is no direct impact of the particles of the suspension in the treated surface, so that the risk of damage to the surface and impregnation of particles in the surface is greatly reduced. No dust is formed either. Furthermore, very small particles (microparticles) can be used.
    [50] Furthermore, the method results in a hydrophobic surface that is partly due to the polishing effect. This hydrophobic surface is also obtained thanks to the suspension used.
    [51] The method further shows the same surface topography and the same roughness values when measured along axes in all directions, with specific (visual) cosmetic properties such as a satin-smooth finish. It makes it possible to obtain a very fine surface finish with an average roughness of Ra <0.6. This method therefore provides a repeatable, non-directional, uniform finish from part to part.
    [52] The method according to the invention provides a thorough cleaning method and makes it possible to simultaneously remove oil, grease, carbon, discoloration, rust, paint and general dirt from the surface and surface oxidation resulting from the welding of stainless steel (typical remove discoloration due to oxidation of the metal surface). The method is very suitable for cleaning and degreasing during reconditioning (re-treatment), as well as for repairs and production. After cleaning, the surface is ready for accurate inspection and crack detection if necessary.
    The method according to the invention also creates residual compressive stresses in the surface to improve the durability and corrosion resistance of fabricated stainless steel structures and components. With this method a specific carrot intensity and coverage is obtained with a saturation point of 0.008 "N and more preferably not more than 0.005" N, as described and determined for shot carrots according to AMS 13165 (currently replaced by AMS 2340), and this without the need for special skills from the person carrying out the procedure. However, strict carrot intensity criteria are not critical to the method since most shot tendon applications are intended to improve fatigue strength and since consistency in obtaining the desired topography and smooth surface remains the main advantage of the method of the invention.
    [54] Other advantages of the method according to the invention are - obtaining an iron-free surface when treating stainless steel and other non-corrosion-sensitive metal surfaces such as aluminum, etc.; - an isotropic surface topography with a specific 2D profile and 3D topography, whereby a better cleanability of the surface is obtained; - the surface topography created by the process is less sensitive to adhesion of bacteria and dirt; - it allows the restoration of the self-repairing mechanism of passivation (Cr2C> 3 automatic passivation) after removing the low-chromium layers, for example as a result of welding work; - it prevents deformation of the stainless steel surfaces; - it avoids the use of hazardous or toxic chemicals; - it is a very cost-efficient process; - it is flexible and versatile; and - there are no health and environmental hazards and the process is essentially dust-free.
    [55] A very suitable field of application of the method according to the invention are stainless steel surfaces that come into contact with food, from small parts to extensively machined stainless steel structures. Other application areas are aviation, the automotive sector, etc.
    [56] In an advantageous embodiment of a method according to the invention, said suspension is ejected from said nozzle with a low pressure at the nozzle outlet of 0.5 to 5 bar (0.05 MPa to 0.5 MPa) and more preferably from 1.5 to 4 bar (0.15 MPa to 0.4 MPa).
    [57] By adjusting the pressure, through the supply of compressed air pressure, to the nozzle outlet, it is possible to remove scratches and discolorations, to reduce stains and to give the surface a specific texture, resulting in an easy to clean surface with a polished, satin look.
    [58] In a preferred embodiment of a method according to the invention, said suspension is ejected from said nozzle at a consistent and controllable flow rate of 20 l / minute to 130 l / minute, and more preferably from 30 l / minute to 100 l / minute.
    [59] According to a third aspect of the invention there is provided the use of a nozzle adapted to be mounted on a treatment gun during a method of treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces according to the second aspect of the invention by a treatment medium according to the first aspect of the invention by ejecting compressed air onto a stainless steel or other metal surface, said nozzle comprising a distal end portion with a nozzle output and a distal end, said nozzle output being at said distal end, said distal end portion comprises an outer profile adapted to induce an external sucked air flow around said nozzle exit, said outer profile is tapered toward said distal end and comprises a plurality of longitudinally extending notches arranged around the circumference of at said distal end portion.
    [60] Such a nozzle has the advantage that the flow of the treatment medium is improved and that a better spread and consistency of the treatment medium is obtained.
    [61] This special nozzle shape reduces the noise during treatment due to turbulence at the outlet of the compressed air nozzle used to accelerate the treatment medium.
    BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 illustrates a 3D surface topography of specimen 1 of a stainless steel substrate treated with a method according to the invention using a first set of parameters; FIG. 2 illustrates a 2D roughness profile descriptor of specimen 1 whose 3D surface topography is depicted in Figure 1; FIG. 3 illustrates a 3D surface topography of specimen 4 of a stainless steel substrate treated with a method according to the invention using a fourth set of parameters; FIG. 4 illustrates a 2D roughness profile descriptor of specimen 4, the 3D surface topography of which is depicted in Figure 3; FIG. 5 illustrates an example of a saturation curve that plots arc heights of Almen strips against the duration of exposure to a peening process on a graph; FIG. 6 illustrates an example of a curve to determine the intensity of a peening process; FIG. 7 illustrates the obtained saturation curve of two Almen strips as prescribed by the AMS-S-13165 treated with the method according to the invention as applied to specimens 2 and 4; FIG. 8a-8d illustrate the results of the salt spray tests performed according to ASTM A967 "Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel" after treatment of welded stainless steel parts with the method according to the invention; FIG. 9a illustrates the wettability of the surface by the behavior of water on an untreated stainless steel surface; FIG. 9b illustrates the wettability of the surface based on the behavior of water on a stainless steel surface treated with the method according to the invention; FIG. 10a illustrates a top view of a first type of treatment platform for the treatment of a stainless steel fabric by the method according to the invention; FIG. 10b illustrates a front view of the treatment platform as shown in Figure 10a; FIG. 11a illustrates a front view of a second type of treatment platform for the treatment of a stainless steel fabric by the method according to the invention; FIG. 11b illustrates a top view of the treatment platform as shown in Figure 11a; FIG. 11c illustrates a detailed view of the bottom scrapers of the treatment platform as shown in FIG. 11a and 11b in free-moving mode of the scrapers; FIG. 11d illustrates a detailed view of the bottom scrapers of the treatment platform as shown in FIG. 11a and 11b in wiping or recovery mode of the scrapers; FIG. 12a illustrates a front view of a nozzle of a treatment gun for streamlining, accelerating and ejecting a treatment medium; Fig. 12b illustrates a cross-sectional view of the nozzle as shown in Figs. 12a.
    Detailed description of the embodiments [80] The treatment medium according to the invention for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces, wherein this treatment medium is adapted to be injected by compressed air from a nozzle of a treatment gun, consists of a suspension, also called "slurry", comprising a liquid, preferably water (resulting in an aqueous suspension), and a mixture of at least two different types of products consisting of chemically inert abrasive particles (or in other words two products consisting of chemically inert abrasive particles which differ from each other). These abrasive particles have an average particle size between 0.9 and 110 µm. These particles include at least abrasive particles of irregular shape. The particles further preferably comprise abrasive spherical particles. These particles are preferably essentially solid (solid) to prevent these particles from floating. In order to preferably obtain a balanced suspension, the particles of the two different products preferably have a similar particle size. The weight ratio in the mixture of the spherical particles to the particles of irregular shape is 60% - 96%, more preferably 70% - 96% / 4% - 30%, and most preferably 80% / 20%. The mixture has a balanced bulk density of 1 to 2 kg / dm 3 and preferably of approximately 1.7 kg / dm 3.
    [81] The particles are preferably of the mineral type. The spherical particles preferably consist of glass beads with an SiCV content of 50% to 80% per weight basis. The particles of irregular shape preferably consist of alumina particles obtained by a melting process with an Al2 O3 content of 95% - 99.8% per weight basis. More preferably, use is made of white alumina obtained by a melting process. When stainless steel is treated, very pure and iron-free alumina particles obtained by a melting process must be used, because when there is a risk of iron uptake in the stainless steel surface, there is a risk of oxidation or corrosion of the surface. The glass beads have a relative hardness of 4-6 Mohs, preferably 5 Mohs and the aluminum oxide particles obtained by a melting process have a relative hardness of 8-10 Mohs, preferably 9 Mohs. The suspension in use has a concentration of 10% to 60%, more preferably 10% to 40% and most preferably 15% to 25% particles in liquid, preferably water.
    The suspension may further comprise a soluble chemical additive in a concentration of preferably about 1-15% by volume of the total amount of liquid (water + soluble chemical additive) of the suspension. For example, the following soluble chemical additives can be added to the suspension: - a biocide to disinfect the treated surface. This is particularly important in the food, dairy and pharmaceutical industries. - a degreaser. This is particularly interesting for use in reconditioning old surfaces. - a corrosion inhibitor. This is particularly recommended when corrosion-sensitive materials such as steel and cast iron are wet-treated to protect the treated surfaces against rust or rust. - a passivation means can be used to accelerate the automatic passivation of stainless steel.
    The method according to the invention is a method consisting of one step in which a stainless steel surface or another metal surface such as aluminum, copper, bronze, metal alloys, etc. is treated with the suspension according to the invention as described above. This suspension is injected by means of compressed air from a nozzle of a treatment gun onto the surface to be treated. The suspension is furthermore preferably streamlined and accelerated in this nozzle. The suspension is thus injected onto the target surface in a highly energetic but controllable stream. The air pressure at the outlet of the nozzle is a low pressure of 0.5 to 5 bar and preferably of 1 to 4 bar. This outlet pressure at the nozzle is optionally measured by means of a pressure transducer and optionally using an electropneumatic pressure regulator. This allows a reliable control of this parameter in a closed loop. The suspension pressure supplied to the blow gun will automatically adjust as the jet pressure (air pressure) is adjusted. The suspension is ejected from the nozzle at a consistent and controllable flow rate of 20 l / minute to 130 l / minute, and preferably from 30 l / minute to 100 l / minute (per treatment gun).
    [84] The ratio between the fluid pressure and the air pressure in the nozzle is variable so that the fluid buffer described above can be maintained between the suspension and the treated surface. Under normal operating conditions, i.e. at a recommended treatment pressure used in the invention, this liquid buffer effect is maintained.
    [85] In the following sections, 4 identical specimens from stainless steel AISI 304 were treated with a method according to the invention with the following different process parameters: - Specimen 1: 8% - 12% aluminum oxide particles obtained by a melting process and 88% - 92% glass beads under a pressure of 2.5 - 3.5 bar and with a particle concentration in water of 15% - 25%; - Specimen 2: 8% - 12% alumina particles obtained by a melting process and 88% - 92% glass beads under a pressure of 3.5 - 4.5 bar and with a particle concentration in water of 15% - 25%; - Specimen 3: 13% - 17% alumina particles and 83% - 87% glass beads obtained by a melting process under a pressure of 2.5 - 3.5 bar and with a particle concentration in water of 15% - 25%; - Specimen 4: 13% - 17% aluminum oxide particles obtained by a melting process and 83% - 87% glass beads under a pressure of 3.5 - 4.5 bar and with a particle concentration in water of 15% - 25%.
    [86] To quantify the surface topography of these treated specimens, different roughness parameters were measured.
    [87] A first important parameter is the roughness average Ra. The roughness of the surface is a measurement of the texture of a surface. It is quantified by the extent to which a real surface deviates vertically from its ideal shape. If these deviations are large, the surface is rough; if they are small, the surface is smooth. Ra is by far the most used roughness parameter. Ra is the mathematical average of the absolute values and is defined as
    Ra is expressed as units of height.
    [88] The European Hygienic Engineering and Design Group (EHEDG) recommends a surface roughness of less than 0.8 µm and all 3-A sanitary criteria (USA standards) also contain surface finishing recommendations that set Ra values of less than 0 8 µm Ra. The American Meat Institute Equipment Design Task Force also recommends that surfaces do not have Ra values greater than 0.8 µm.
    The method according to the invention results in an Ra of less than 0.6 µm and more preferably between 0.3 and 0.6 µm.
    [90] Other than the Ra parameter, however, other roughness parameters are important to investigate the relationship between the topography of a surface and its cleanability, such as - the slope Wt (total height of the W-profile) being the sum of the highest profile peak and the lowest profile profile of the W-profile within the evaluation length ln (reference length); - the maximum roughness depth Rmax being the lowest roughness depth within the evaluation length; - the number of peaks RPC being the number of elements of the roughness profile per cm which successively cross the specified upper limit of the profile section Ci and the lower limit of the profile section C2; - the percentage of open space in the valleys; and the reduced trough depth RVk being the average depth of the troughs protruding below the central core of the roughness profile.
    [91] The average roughness Ra, the slope Wt, the maximum roughness depth Rmax and the number of peaks RPC, the percentage of open space in the valleys and the reduced trough depth RVk of specimens 1 to 4 as described above are listed in Table 2:
    Table 2 [92] It can be concluded from Table 2 that when the pressure at the nozzle outlet increases at a constant concentration of alumina particles and glass beads obtained by a melting process, all roughness parameters increase. Furthermore, it can be deduced from this table 2 that a change in the concentration of alumina particles and glass beads obtained by a melting process, while keeping the global concentration constant, has no significant influence on the roughness parameters. However, other tests have shown that the latter then has an effect on the peening intensity and the removal of thermal oxides.
    [93] Figure 1 shows the 3D surface topography and in Figure 2 the surface roughness descriptor (cross section across the total specimen length) of specimen 1. Figure 3 shows the 3D surface topography and Figure 4 the 2D roughness descriptor of the surface of specimen 4. The definitions and surface texture parameters are in accordance with EN ISO 4287 - 4288 &amp; ASME B46.1. It can be concluded on the basis of these figures that the method according to the invention creates a uniform finish with low roughness values that exhibit properties with the same values when measured along axes in all directions (= isotropic surface). In addition, the low and well-controlled roughness leads to surfaces with minimal adherence of dirt and with high cleanability. Such a surface topography offers an ideal machined surface for contact with food.
    [94] If there is a suspicion of surface contamination, multiple tests are performed to confirm this. The American standards ASTM A380 &amp; A967 are generally used for testing and measuring procedures for the quality of stainless steel.
    [95] Table 4 below shows the results of the salt spraying tests carried out in accordance with the ASTM A967 standard "Standard Specification for Chemical Passivation Treatments for Stainless Steel" after the treatment of the 4 different specimens as described above and which were welded and then treated with the method according to the invention.
    Table 4 [96] On the basis of Table 4, it can be concluded that the surface after being treated with the method according to the invention is free from organic and metal contamination, or in other words that a pure surface is obtained. Furthermore, it is possible that a new oxide layer is created by the self-healing passivation mechanism that restores the optimum corrosion resistance of the stainless steel surface.
    [97] Oxilyser tests with the Oxilyser 3 were also performed on specimens 1 to 4, showing that the passivation was correct. This Oxilyser test is very suitable for checking the corrosion resistance of stainless steel and more specifically the quality of the passivation on large products. Large samples can be efficiently checked in a short time on the basis of samples at various critical places such as edges, stains, welds, etc.
    [98] As already mentioned above, during surface treatment of the stainless steel substrates, the specific process parameters of the method according to the invention induce residual compressive stresses in the surface thereby improving the durability and corrosion resistance of the manufactured stainless steel structures and components, as is the case with shot carrots.
    [99] Table 5 below shows the results of the shot tendon tests that were performed based on the process parameters of the method according to the invention. As already mentioned above, the procedure used to measure the intensity of the shotpenes is based on the specifications of the American Mil. Spec., Accepted as a SAE standard, namely the SAE-AMS-S-13165, now replaced by AMS 2430, which contains the procedure requirements for the shotpening of metal parts to induce residual pressure stresses in specified surfaces for the purpose of improve the resistance to fatigue, stress corrosion, cracks and cold welding. The Almen strips used to measure the shotpene intensity are of the N-1S type (± 0.0005 ”flatness tolerance). The Almen test strips that meet the required test strip specifications of AMS-S-13165 (and SAE AMS 2430S) in terms of dimensions and mechanical properties are exposed to the suspension stream in a manner that simulates operating conditions during the process according to the invention.
    [100] Test procedure
    After exposure, the test strips are removed from the holder and the amount of deflexion is measured with a micrometer that meets the technical requirements of AMS-S-13165. A saturation curve is established by exposing individual test strips to the suspension current during increasingly longer periods and the results are plotted (exposure time vs. arc height). A minimum of four points except zero is used to define the curve; one of the four points used to indicate saturation must be at least double the time of the saturation point. When the arc height is plotted versus time, the intensity of the suspension current can be determined by evaluating the first point or intensity on the "best fit" line where, when the exposure duration is doubled, there is a 10% increase in arc height . Then saturation is achieved (see figure 5). The intensity of the peening can be determined using a curve to determine the intensity (see Figure 6).
    [101] Table 5 below describes the Almen strip deflection, expressed in µm and inches, of specimens 2 and 4 during an exposure time of 0 to 180 seconds as mentioned above. Figure 7 shows the graph corresponding to the data from table 5.
    Table 5 [102] As can be seen in Figure 7, the saturation intensity (the square on the respective curve) of specimen 2 is 218.58 µm or 0.0086 inch during an exposure time of 1.25 minutes. The saturation intensity (the square on the respective curve) of specimen 4 is 193.06 µm or 0.0076 inch during an exposure time of 1.11 minutes.
    [103] On the basis of Table 5, it can be concluded that the method according to the invention creates a soft peening effect that can be easily reproduced and that during surface conditioning of the stainless steel substrates induces residual compressive stresses in the surface creating peening intensities which are advantageous for the durability and corrosion resistance of the manufactured stainless steel structures and components. In addition to the machined, smooth, stainless steel surface, the process according to the invention also makes it possible to obtain specific peening intensities and coverage with a saturation point of 0.008 "N to avoid or reduce the risk of distortion and high residual tensile stresses that could result. of the process according to the invention in the core material of very thin stainless steel substrates. Generally it can be assumed that a peening intensity of approximately 0.005 "N according to SAE-AMS-S-13165 will be realized after ± 15 sec. treatment time.
    [104] Figures 9a and 9b show the behavior of water on a stainless steel surface treated with the process of the invention (Figure 9b) versus a stainless steel surface treated with a conventional dry bead blasting method (Figure 9a). As can be seen in Figure 9b, the surface shows a hydrophobic surface (a surface with little or no tendency to absorb water) with a surface energy that repels the water (few water droplets remain on the slightly sloping surface) while the surface shown in Figure 9a shows a water film on the surface, a typical state of a hydrophilic surface (a surface that shows an affinity for water). Hydrophilic materials have a high surface energy and moreover have the ability to develop hydrogen bonds between the surface and water molecules. Under such circumstances, the water spontaneously spreads on the clean, energy-rich surface. A hydrophobic surface has the property of an opposite reaction to water interaction compared to hydrophilic surfaces. It has essentially a low surface energy value and a lack of active groups in its surface chemistry for the formation of hydrogen compounds with water. Hydrophobic surfaces have a low wettability and a high value of water contact angles such as with organic polymers and wax.
    [105] On the basis of Figure 9b, it can therefore be concluded that the method according to the invention creates a hydrophobic surface that is easily reproducible, improves the surface properties of the stainless steel substrate and displays a surface topography that is advantageous for the cleanability of stainless steel substrates. .
    [106] The method according to the invention can be carried out using a wide range of standard machines (generally in the form of closed-circuit treatment booths) of varying dimensions or existing adapted designs adapted to be compatible with the specific technical requirements. of the method according to the invention. However, for the treatment of elaborate and complex shaped structures of stainless steel or other metals such as those described above, specially designed equipment is recommended for manual machining. Manual processing involves larger booths in which the user, while wearing protective clothing, enters the treatment cabin with a treatment gun operated by a tractor. Cabins are offered as fully equipped and installed spaces or offered in the form of a treatment platform (generator) with the vital technical components that contain the required pumps, treatment gun or guns, filter devices and control units for the installation.
    [107] The most important parameters of the process according to the invention as described above which have consequences for the treatment machines are the following: - the type of suspension according to the invention, - the pressure of the compressed air, - the consistency of the suspension in use, - the total particle concentration (being the mixture of the particles of the two different products as defined above in the invention) in the suspension, - the pressure and flow of the suspension.
    [108] Figures 10a and 10b show a first type of treatment platform (1) comprising a collection unit (also called return unit or collection unit) with a funnel (2) that is placed under one or more gratings (not shown in the figures) that are arranged so that an operator can stand on it and which are arranged so that the suspension can and can be recovered in the hopper (2). The funnel (2) is preferably made in the form of a reservoir. To obtain a homogeneous suspension, one or more pumps (3a) are provided, preferably in the form of a vortex pump, each driven by an electric motor (3b). These pumps (3a) are adapted to recycle the suspension from the treatment gun. The processing funnel (2) functions by means of a turbulent flow to keep the suspension moving (see the arrows) and this especially during the treatment method to prevent the particles from settling and sticking together and to ensure the consistency of the suspension to the treatment gun to assure. Furthermore, a wide range of systems for waste water treatment and filter systems (based on the sedimentation principle, cyclone separator and / or using cartridge filters, etc.) is available to enable treatment machines based on the open recirculation principle or fully closed circuit principle .
    In Figures 11a and 11b, a second type of treatment platform (4) is shown comprising a flat collecting and recycling reservoir with preferably elastomeric bottom scrapers (5) (i.e. bottom scrapers with flexible elastomeric ends, also called wipers) that are driven by moving an electric motor (6) around the scrapers (in other words forward and backward movement) (see the arrows). These bottom scrapers (5) are placed under gratings (not shown in the figures) which are arranged so that an operator can stand on them and which are arranged so that the suspension can and can be recovered in a container (7). As can be seen in Figure 11b, in the space bounded by this container (7), a multiple number of these bottom scrapers (5) are arranged on the underside of the container (7). These bottom scrapers (5) are preferably mounted on a frame (10) so that they are connected to each other. When the bottom scrapers (5) are in a recuperation or wiping mode (see Figure 11d), the suspension (being the abrasive particles (8) and the liquid (9), preferably water) is brought together and finally ( see figure 11 d) the bottom scrapers (5) bring the suspension (8 + 9) to a funnel (11) after which the suspension (8 + 9) is recycled by means of a pump driven by an electric motor (not shown on the figures), similar to the electric motor described in the first type of the treatment platform (1).
    [110] In both treatment platforms (1, 4), the concentration of the suspension can be measured using a percentage graduated measuring device for measuring the concentration of abrasive particles in the liquid that is installed in the circuit of the suspension.
    [111] The method according to the invention can be carried out by means of a treatment gun in the form of an injection gun, also referred to as a venturi gun. Any type of conventional nozzle can be mounted on such a treatment gun for ejecting the treatment medium from the nozzle onto the surface to be treated.
    However, in Figures 12a and 12b, a specially designed nozzle (20) is shown which is adapted to eject a treatment medium by means of compressed air and which is arranged to be mounted by means of its proximal end (30) (also called nozzle inlet end) on a treatment gun. Moreover, this nozzle is preferably adapted to streamline and accelerate the treatment medium therein. The treatment medium can be in the form of the suspension according to the invention as described above, but can also be any other suitable treatment medium for the treatment of a stainless steel or other metal surface such as a dry blasting medium (i.e. a medium ejected from a nozzle with compressed air, but without the use of a liquid).
    [113] This nozzle (20) includes a distal end portion (21) (also referred to as nozzle outlet portion) (see Figures 12a and 12b) provided with a nozzle outlet (22) (see Figure 12b) through which the treatment medium passes and is ejected when the treatment gun. is in treatment mode. This nozzle (20) further comprises a distal end (23) (also called nozzle outlet end) on which the nozzle outlet (22) is located.
    The distal end portion (21) further comprises an outer profile (24) adapted to induce an external aspirated air flow around the nozzle outlet (22). As can be seen in Figure 12a, this outer profile (24) is more specifically enlarged with respect to the remaining part of the nozzle (20). This outer profile (24) is further tapered toward the distal end (23) and includes a plurality of longitudinally extending notches (25) arranged around the periphery of the distal end portion (21). These notches (25) are adapted to suck in air between any two notches (25) from the rear (25b) to the front (25a) of these notches (25).
    [115] As can be seen in Figure 12b, the nozzle (20) is made up of an outer shell (26), preferably made of aluminum, and an inner core (27), preferably made of drilling carbide. Boron carbide (B4C) is an extremely hard ceramic boron-carbon material with a Mohs hardness of approximately 9.5.
    Although the present invention has been illustrated with reference to specific embodiments, it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not limited to the details of the foregoing illustrative embodiments, and that the present invention may be practiced with various modifications and modifications without leaving the scope of the invention. The present embodiments are therefore to be considered in all respects as illustrative and not restrictive, the scope of the invention being described by the appended claims and not by the foregoing description, and all modifications falling within the meaning and scope of the claims, are therefore included here. In other words, it is assumed that this covers all changes, variations or equivalents that fall within the scope of the underlying basic principles and whose essential attributes are claimed in this patent application. In addition, the reader of this patent application will understand that the words "comprising" or "include" do not exclude other elements or steps, that the word "a" does not exclude a plural, and that a single element, such as a computer system, a processor or other integrated unit can fulfill the functions of different tools mentioned in the claims. Any references in the claims should not be construed as limiting the claims in question. The terms "first", "second", "third", "a", "b", "c" and the like, when used in the description or in the claims, are used to distinguish between similar elements or steps and do not necessarily describe a sequential or chronological order. Similarly, the terms "top", "bottom", "over", "under" and the like are used for the purposes of the description and do not necessarily refer to relative positions. It is to be understood that those terms are interchangeable under proper conditions and that embodiments of the invention are capable of functioning in accordance with the present invention in sequences or orientations other than described or illustrated above.
    权利要求:
    Claims (17)
    [1]
    CONCLUSIONS
    A treatment medium for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces, wherein said treatment medium is adapted to be ejected from a nozzle of a treatment gun by means of compressed air, said treatment medium consists of a suspension comprising a liquid and a mixture of at least two different types of products consisting of chemically inert, abrasive particles, characterized in that said particles comprise at least particles that have an irregular shape, said particles being dispersible in said liquid, said particles with an irregular shape consist of alumina particles obtained by a melting process, said alumina particles obtained by a melting process are essentially iron-free.
    [2]
    A treatment medium according to claim 1, characterized in that said alumina particles obtained by a melting process have an Al 2 O 3 content of 95% - 99.80% per weight basis.
    [3]
    A treatment medium according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that said particles also comprise spherical particles, said particles being dispersible in said liquid.
    [4]
    A treatment medium according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that said particles have an average particle size between 0.9 µm and 110 µm.
    [5]
    A treatment medium according to claim 4, characterized in that said suspension is a balanced suspension.
    [6]
    A treatment medium according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that the weight ratio in the mixture of said spherical particles to said particles of irregular shape is 60% - 96% / 4% - 40%.
    [7]
    A treatment medium according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that said spherical particles consist of glass beads.
    [8]
    A treatment medium according to claim 7, characterized in that said glass beads have an SiO 2 content of 50% - 80% per weight basis.
    [9]
    A treatment medium according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that said glass beads have a relative hardness of 4 Mohs - 6 Mohs and said white alumina particles obtained by a melting process have a relative hardness of 8 Mohs - 10 Mohs.
    [10]
    A treatment medium according to any of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that said suspension in use has a concentration of 10% - 70% particles in liquid.
    [11]
    A treatment medium as claimed in any one of claims 1 to
    10, CHARACTERIZED THAT said mixture of particles has a balanced bulk density of 1 kg / dm3 - 2 kg / dm3.
    [12]
    A treatment medium according to any of claims 1 to
    11, characterized in that said suspension comprises a soluble chemical additive.
    [13]
    A treatment medium according to claim 12, characterized in that said soluble chemical additive has a concentration of about 1% -15% by volume in the total liquid of said suspension.
    [14]
    A method of treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces by means of a treatment medium that is injected by compressed air from a nozzle of a treatment gun, CHARACTERIZED THAT said method is a one-step method, said surfaces are treated with a treatment medium according to any of claims 1 to 13.
    [15]
    A method according to claim 14, characterized in that said suspension is ejected from said nozzle with a low pressure at the nozzle outlet of 0.5 to 5 bar.
    [16]
    A method according to claim 14 or 15, characterized in that said suspension is ejected from said nozzle at a balanced and controlled flow rate of 20 l / minute to 130 l / minute.
    [17]
    Use of a nozzle (20) adapted to be mounted on a treatment gun during a method for treating stainless steel or other metal surfaces according to one of claims 14 to 16 by a treatment medium according to one of the claims 1 to 13 ejected by compressed air onto a stainless steel or other metal surface, said nozzle (20) comprising a distal end portion (21) with a nozzle output (22) and a distal end (23), said nozzle output (22) ) is located at said distal end (23), characterized in that said distal end portion (21) comprises an outer profile (24) adapted to induce an external aspirated air flow around said nozzle outlet (22), said outer profile (24) ) being tapered in the direction of said distal end (23) and comprising a plurality of longitudinally extending notches (25) that are arranged around the circumference of said distal end portion (21).
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    同族专利:
    公开号 | 公开日
    EP2801443B1|2015-11-04|
    DK2801443T3|2016-02-01|
    EP2801443A1|2014-11-12|
    引用文献:
    公开号 | 申请日 | 公开日 | 申请人 | 专利标题
    WO1988004220A1|1986-12-03|1988-06-16|K.G. McCOLL & COMPANY LIMITED|Method and apparatus for wet abrasive blasting|
    DE102010043285A1|2010-11-03|2012-05-03|Aktiebolaget Skf|Method, blasting medium and apparatus for treating a component|
    US5596912A|1993-08-12|1997-01-28|Formica Technology, Inc.|Press plate having textured surface formed by simultaneous shot peening|
    JP3730015B2|1998-06-02|2005-12-21|株式会社不二機販|Surface treatment method for metal products|
    WO2000056503A1|1999-03-24|2000-09-28|Sintokogio, Ltd.|Shot peening method and device therefor|
    US8468862B2|2010-02-09|2013-06-25|General Electric Company|Peening process for enhancing surface finish of a component|JP6420095B2|2014-08-28|2018-11-07|ブラスト工業株式会社|Blasting apparatus and blasting method|
    法律状态:
    优先权:
    申请号 | 申请日 | 专利标题
    EP131668774|2013-05-07|
    EP13166877.4A|EP2801443B1|2013-05-07|2013-05-07|Processing medium for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces, method for processing stainless steel or other metallic surfaces using such a processing medium and nozzle arranged to be fitted on a process gun|
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